Unit 5: Social Change and Deviance

Answer: E — Differential association theory is correct because differential association theory, proposed by Edwin Sutherland, emphasizes learning deviant behaviors, unlike option C which focuses on social structures.

Answer: D — To maintain social cohesion and solidarity is correct because Durkheim argued that deviance clarifies social norms and promotes social unity, unlike option A which suggests deviance as a means to change norms.

Answer: A — Cultural diffusion refers to the process by which ideas, values, and practices are transmitted from one culture to another, often driving social change. This exchange of cultural elements can lead to the adoption of new technologies, social norms, and values, ultimately transforming a society. In contrast to economic stability, which can maintain the status quo, cultural diffusion introduces new ideas that can challenge existing social structures.

Answer: C — Globalization can lead to increased economic inequality within cities, as multinational corporations may exploit local labor and resources, widening the wealth gap between social classes.

Answer: E — Spatial patterns of human settlement refers to the way people arrange themselves in a given area, influencing social interactions and behaviors. This concept is relevant to the study of population density and crime rates, as it examines how urban layouts and distributions of people affect crime. In contrast, geographic information systems (GIS) is a tool for analyzing data, not a concept that directly relates to human behavior. By examining Spatial patterns of human settlement, the sociologist can understand how urban environments contribute to crime rates.