Unit 5 of 5
Study guide for CLEP CLEP Introductory Sociology — Unit 5: Social Change and Deviance. Practice questions, key concepts, and exam tips.
33
Practice Questions
14
Flashcards
7
Key Topics
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Which sociological theory views deviance as a result of social learning and interaction with others?
Anomie theory
Symbolic interactionism
Structural functionalism
Conflict theory
Differential association theory
Answer: E — Differential association theory is correct because differential association theory, proposed by Edwin Sutherland, emphasizes learning deviant behaviors, unlike option "Structural functionalism" which focuses on social structures.
What is the primary function of social deviance, according to Émile Durkheim?
To challenge and change social norms
To reinforce social inequality and hierarchies
To promote individual freedom and autonomy
To maintain social cohesion and solidarity
To disrupt social institutions and create chaos
Answer: D — To maintain social cohesion and solidarity is correct because Durkheim argued that deviance clarifies social norms and promotes social unity, unlike option "To challenge and change social norms" which suggests deviance as a means to change norms.
What is a primary factor that drives social change?
Cultural diffusion
Government control
Social cohesion
Economic stability
Technological advancement
Answer: A — Cultural diffusion refers to the process by which ideas, values, and practices are transmitted from one culture to another, often driving social change. This exchange of cultural elements can lead to the adoption of new technologies, social norms, and values, ultimately transforming a society. In contrast to economic stability, which can maintain the status quo, cultural diffusion introduces new ideas that can challenge existing social structures.
A sociologist studying the effects of globalization on urban areas would likely examine how the growth of multinational corporations influences
the development of cultural norms and values in urban communities
the migration patterns of rural residents to urban areas
the distribution of wealth among social classes within a city
the impact of environmental policies on urban ecosystems
the formation of local businesses in response to global market trends
Answer: C — Globalization can lead to increased economic inequality within cities, as multinational corporations may exploit local labor and resources, widening the wealth gap between social classes.
What type of social movement seeks limited change?
Conservative movement
Radical movement
Reform movement
Revolutionary movement
Reactionary movement
Answer: C — A Reform movement seeks limited change by working within existing social and political systems to address specific issues, aiming to improve or reform current conditions. This type of movement focuses on incremental, targeted changes, rather than overthrowing the entire system. In contrast, a Radical movement seeks more fundamental change, making it an incorrect option. The Reform movement's focus on limited, targeted change aligns with its definition, making it the correct answer.
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